tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55162407890925371782024-03-05T10:20:09.779-06:00San Antonio RemembersMr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-77154453272401793192023-11-07T12:19:00.009-06:002023-11-07T12:21:36.647-06:00November 7 in San Antonio history...<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>1945<br /></b></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Two bids for 345 miles of rural electric lines in Gonzales, Guadalupe, Wilson, Bexar and Lavaca counties were received by the Guadalupe Valley Electric Cooperative today. If accepted, construction of the lines will bring electricity to 605 additional farm homes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>1949<br /></b></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The first live broadcast over WOAI-TV got underway this afternoon at Alamo Stadium gymnasium. Co-sponsored by the San Antonio Appliance Association, the shows will extend over a three-day period and will feature professional and amateur talent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>2009</b><br /></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Linda Ronstadt performs with Los Camperos in Municipal Auditorium. Due to her diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease, this is the final public performance of her career.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></p>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-65637332425014644812023-09-13T00:05:00.001-05:002023-09-13T00:05:00.149-05:00<p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> September 13 in San Antonio history...</span></b></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1957</span><br />The northern lights, visible from San Antonio for the first time in many years, had lawmen frantically looking for “the big fire” early Friday morning.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1961</span><br />The <em style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">San Antonio Light</em> reports that Hurricane Carla has destroyed all but one of Galveston’s pleasure and fishing piers, including the Balinese.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1987<a href="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-7652" data-attachment-id="7652" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="pope" data-large-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg?w=480" data-medium-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg" data-orig-size="628,445" data-permalink="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/2013/09/13/september-13-in-san-antonio-history-5/pope/" height="212" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg?w=300&h=212" srcset="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg?w=300&h=212 300w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg?w=598&h=424 598w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pope.jpg?w=150&h=106 150w" style="background: 0px 0px; border-radius: 4px; border: none; float: right; height: auto; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; max-width: 98%; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" title="pope" width="300" /></a></span><br />Pope John Paul II visits San Antonio and gives a Mass for an estimated 350,000 people in Westover Hills on the site of what is today Stevens High School. He also visits Plaza Guadalupe, Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish, San Fernando Cathedral and Municipal Auditorium. (photo courtesy of the San Antonio Express-News)</p>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-610797608538762452023-09-12T00:02:00.001-05:002023-09-12T00:02:00.150-05:00<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b> September 12 in San Antonio history...</b></span></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1884</span><br />The Lone Star Brewery is opened for business.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1912<br /></b><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-13526" data-attachment-id="13526" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"Andrew Crews (SAPL)","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1446146752","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="mickeyd2" data-large-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg?w=480" data-medium-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg?w=182" data-orig-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg" data-orig-size="533,880" data-permalink="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/2016/09/12/september-12-in-san-antonio-history-8/mickeyd2/" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" src="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg?w=182&h=300" srcset="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg?w=182 182w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg?w=364 364w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/mickeyd2.jpg?w=91 91w" style="background: 0px 0px; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; float: right; height: auto; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; max-width: 98%; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" width="182" />The project to widen Commerce Street is begun. During the four year widening project on Commerce Street many buildings were either totally demolished or lost several yards of their original structure. The new five story Alamo National Bank building, was physically raised and moved back while work continued uninterrupted within it. With the movement of the bank building the entire project came to almost $1.5 Million. This is the equivalent to around $21 Million in today’s money. The city took pride in the transformation being undertaken to keep San Antonio as the number one city in Texas.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1970</span><br />The first McDonald’s restaurant opens in San Antonio at 1330 S. Laredo St. (right).</p>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-46774740996691980652023-09-11T00:05:00.000-05:002023-09-11T00:05:00.159-05:00<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b> September 11 in San Antonio history...</b></span></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1842</span><a href="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/2018/09/11/sept-11-in-san-antonio-history/carol_burnett/" rel="attachment wp-att-18481" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-18481" data-attachment-id="18481" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="carol_burnett" data-large-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg?w=480" data-medium-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg" data-orig-size="484,468" data-permalink="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/2019/09/11/sept-11-in-san-antonio-history/carol_burnett/" height="290" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg?w=300&h=290" srcset="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg?w=300 300w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg?w=150 150w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/carol_burnett.jpg 484w" style="background: 0px 0px; border-radius: 4px; border: none; float: right; height: auto; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; max-width: 98%; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" width="300" /></a><br />General Woll and his Mexican army invades San Antonio. He was to capture San Antonio, then reconnoiter the Guadalupe River down to Gonzales-all within one month – but was repulsed by Texan troops in the <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qfs01" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">battle of Salado Creek</a> on the eighteenth, evacuated San Antonio two days later, and returned to Coahuila.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1967</span><br />“The Carol Burnett Show,” featuring former San Antonian Carol Burnett, debuts at 9:00 p.m. on KENS Channel 5. The show features guest stars Jim Nabors and Vicki Lawrence.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2001</span><br />San Antonians, shocked by the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C., unite to pray, donate blood and help out in this time of crisis.</p>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-17520349321243059132023-09-10T00:02:00.001-05:002023-09-10T00:02:00.162-05:00<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b> September 10 in San Antonio history...</b></span></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1921</span><br />With a known death list of 37 that may total more than 200 when all the missing are accounted for, and with a property loss of near $5 million, San Antonio was suffering the worst flood in its history.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1962</span><br />An Air Force Captain is hospitalized in serious condition from severe smoke inhalation after a fire broke out during a space simulation yesterday at Brooks AFB. The two pilots were “flying” at 27,000 feet with pure oxygen when fire broke out from behind the control panel. The simulated astronauts fought the fire with an extinguisher during the 2½ minutes it takes to lower the simulator’s pressure enough to open the door.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1987<a href="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=23760" rel="attachment wp-att-23760" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-23760" data-attachment-id="23760" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1402768761","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="papal-mass-1987" data-large-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg?w=480" data-medium-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg" data-orig-size="700,555" data-permalink="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/2021/09/10/september-10-in-san-antonio-history-13/papal-mass-1987/" height="238" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg?w=300&h=238" srcset="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg?w=300 300w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg?w=600 600w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/papal-mass-1987.jpg?w=150 150w" style="background: 0px 0px; border-radius: 4px; border: none; float: right; height: auto; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; max-width: 98%; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" width="300" /></a></span><br />High winds destroy the twin towers and scaffolding (right) two days before the arrival in San Antonio of Pope John Paul II. Despite over $100,000 in damages, Richard Hemberger, state coordinator for the papal visit, says the Mass will proceed as scheduled.</p>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-8527313329271217122023-09-09T11:02:00.003-05:002023-09-09T11:02:19.189-05:00<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b> September 9 in San Antonio history...</b></span></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1907</span><br />A driver was fined $10 for driving faster than 6 m.p.h. within the one mile circle on Flores.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1916</span><br />After being officially known as “Camp Cecil A. Lyon” for a single week, the encampment of state troops on the Fort Sam Houston reservation is again “Camp Wilson” and will retain that name as long as it exists.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: "Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1927</span><br />With the concrete walls of Olmos Dam towering high above the basin below and flood prevention work on the San Antonio River nearing completion, the sixth anniversary of the 1921 floods finds this city safe from further deluges.</p>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-87073079581025074012023-08-31T13:48:00.009-05:002023-08-31T13:51:26.899-05:00August 31 in San Antonio history...<div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: arial; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1924<br /><br /></span></div><span face=""Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;">The foundation of the new Builder’s Exchange building at Navarro and St. Mary’s streets has been completed and work on the first story will begin at once. The building will be completed next April 1 at a cost of $250,000, according to Sidney Cornelius, manager of the Exchange.</span><div><span face="Myriad Pro, Trebuchet MS, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #4e4e4e;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span><img alt="ag" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-9060" data-attachment-id="9060" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="ag" data-large-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg?w=409" data-medium-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg?w=175" data-orig-file="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg" data-orig-size="409,703" data-permalink="https://mysapl.wordpress.com/2013/08/31/august-31-in-san-antonio-history-4/ag/" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 174px) 100vw, 174px" src="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg?w=174&h=300" srcset="https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg?w=174&h=300 174w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg?w=348&h=598 348w, https://mysapl.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ag.jpg?w=87&h=150 87w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: none; color: #0071bb; float: right; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; height: auto; margin: 4px 0px 4px 8px; max-width: 98%; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" width="174" /><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face="Myriad Pro, Trebuchet MS, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><b>1973</b></span></div><p><span face=""Myriad Pro", "Trebuchet MS", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;">“American Graffiti,” George Lucas’s coming-of-age film set in the summer of 1962, premieres at the Central Park Fox theater.</span></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: arial; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1976</span></p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">After 17 years of planning, battling and waiting, the end is in sight for completion of the North Freeway, now officially named the W.W. McAllister Freeway. The last section extends from Sandau Road on the south to north of Bitters Road on the north, a distance of some two or three miles. Construction on this final section should begin in five to six months and should be completed in about 18 months, according to Mal Steinberg, highway department consultant.</span></p></div></div>Mr.Cybrarianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455559329334911642noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-16250766326951112752011-09-15T15:57:00.000-05:002022-07-14T16:56:01.823-05:00The Right of Suffrage<div class="Section1"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></div><br />
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OR COLOR</span></b></div><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bernard MT Condensed"; font-size: 14pt;">BY <place w:st="on">E. DEGENER</place></span></div><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><date day="24" month="2" w:st="on" year="1868"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; font-size: 10pt;">FEBRUARY<br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><place w:st="on"><city w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">AUSTIN</span></city></place><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">:</span></div><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; font-size: 10pt;">PRINTED AT THE<br />
SOUTHERN INTELLIGENCER OFFICE</span></div><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT Black";">1866</span></div><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bernard MT Condensed";">MINORITY REPORT.</span></div><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bernard MT Condensed";">________</span></div><br />
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<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">COMMITTEE ROOM, <date day="24" month="2" w:st="on" year="1866">Feb. 24, 1866</date></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">Hon.<br />
J.W. Throckmorton, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">President Convention, <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Austin</city></place>:</i></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>MR.<br />
PRESIDENT: Disagreeing with the majority of the Committee to whom the subject<br />
of the Elective Franchise was referred, I proposed to the Committee the<br />
following Amendment, to be inserted after the first section:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“From and<br />
after the 4<sup>th</sup> of July, 1866, every male citizen of the United<br />
States, who shall have attained 21 years of age, or become a naturalized<br />
citizen of the United States, and shall have resided in this State one year<br />
next preceding an election, and the last six month in the district, country,<br />
city or town in which he offers to vote, and who shall be able to read and<br />
write the English or his native language <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">understandingly</i>,<br />
shall be deemed a qualified elector.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This being<br />
rejected, a further amendment was offered, substituting 1876 for 1866, which<br />
was also rejected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then followed another<br />
proposition, to amend the original resolution, so as to make it read, “From and<br />
after the 4<sup>th</sup> day of July, 1866, every male citizen of the United<br />
States born free,” &c., which shared the same fate of the preceding<br />
amendments; so that, not being able to agree with the majority of the<br />
committee, I be leave to offer the following:</span></div><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">MINORITY REPORT</span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The majority<br />
of the Committee on the Legislative Department, to which was referred that part<br />
of the Constitution defining the qualifications of Electors, having reported in<br />
favor of re-adopting that part of the old Constitution which deprives Africans<br />
and their descendants of the right of suffrage, I respectfully beg leave to<br />
present the following objections to their Report:</span></div><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">ALL POLITICAL POWER INHERENT<br />
IN THE PEOPLE</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The fundamental principle upon which the American system of<br />
government was founded are,</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1<sup>st</sup>, The civil and political equality of all men.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2<sup>d, </sup>That they are endowed with certain inalienable<br />
rights, among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3d, That, to insure these rights, governments are instituted<br />
among men.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4<sup>th</sup>, That governments derive their just powers from<br />
the consent of the governed.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These fundamental principles of American liberty constitute the<br />
basis of the Bills of Rights, which, under various modifications, pervade all<br />
our constitutional charters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The<br />
doctrine, that the foundation of all free government was the right of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i> to participate in the legislative<br />
power, and in the organization of governments, was universally accepted by the<br />
early American statesmen; and the framers of the Federal Constitution were care<br />
to confide all power to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i>,<br />
and to provide for the protection of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">whole</i><br />
people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To illustrate this, it is only<br />
necessary to refer to the Constitution itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 2d section of Article 1, the organization of the House of<br />
Representatives is provided for, as follows: </span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen<br />
every second year, by the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i>,”<br />
&c.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And still later, when the<br />
Constitution was amended, the rights of the people were not forgotten, but<br />
protected by new safeguards, as may be seen by the following Articles:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“ART. 1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment<br />
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom<br />
of speech or of the press; or the right of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i> peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a<br />
redress of grievances.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“ART. 2. A well regulated militia being necessary to the success<br />
of a <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">free state</state></place>,<br />
the right of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i> to keep and<br />
bear arms shall not be infringed.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“ART. 4. The right of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i><br />
to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable<br />
searches and seizures, shall not be violated.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“ART. 9. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights<br />
shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i>.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“ART. 10. The powers not delegated to the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">United States</country-region></place> by the Constitution,<br />
nor prohibited by it, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i>.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The founders of the <place w:st="on"><placetype w:st="on">Republic</placetype><br />
of <placename w:st="on">Texas</placename></place>, acknowledging<br />
the right of the people to govern, declared in their Bill of Rights that “all<br />
political power is inherent in the people, and that all free governments are<br />
founded on their authority, and instituted for their benefit.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As the people of <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Texas</state></place><br />
have declared their belief in this doctrine, and assuming that this Convention<br />
will reaffirm it, it remains for us, in framing our organic law, to see to it<br />
that every section shall harmonize with these great and acknowledged principles<br />
of human liberty.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If all political power is inherent in the people of Texas by what<br />
authority can we prohibit any portion of the people form the free exercise of<br />
that most important of all political power, the right of suffrage, as is<br />
proposed by the Report of the majority, which, if adopted, would forever<br />
exclude a large portion of the people of Texas from any participation in the<br />
affairs of the government; against which injustice I hereby solemnly protest.</span></div><br />
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">NEGRO SUFFRAGE NOTHING NEW</span></b></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In demanding<br />
the right of suffrage for the colored citizens of our State, I do not ask for<br />
the establishment of any new principle, or any untried experiment, but that we<br />
give practical effect to our own theory of government be returning to the<br />
usages adopted by the founders of the <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">American</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Republic</placetype></place>.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Under the<br />
Articles of Confederation, Congress acted directly upon the subject of<br />
suffrage, in the organization of territorial governments, which were to result<br />
in State governments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The celebrated<br />
ordinance of 23d April, 1784, drafted by Jefferson, authorized the “Free males<br />
of full age,” without distinction of color, to take part in forming these<br />
governments; and the still more famous ordinance of July 13, 1787, vested the<br />
right of suffrage in all the “free male inhabitants of full age,” who had<br />
certain qualifications of freehold or residence.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This<br />
ordinance was re-enacted immediately after the adoption of our present<br />
Constitution, by the act of Congress of <date day="7" month="8" w:st="on" year="1789">August 7, 1789</date>; and in this respect was the precedent for<br />
every subsequent territorial act passed until 1812.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The several acts passed from the foundation<br />
of the government to that date, were as follows.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Under the<br />
Congress of the Confederation, those to which I have referred, namely, that of<br />
April 28, 1784, “For the temporary government of territory ceded or to be ceded<br />
by the individual States to the United States;” and that of July 13, 1787, “for<br />
the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the river<br />
Ohio.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>And by the<br />
Congress of the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">United<br />
States</country-region></place> since the adoption of the<br />
Constitution:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The act of <date day="7" month="8" w:st="on" year="1789">August 7, 1789</date>, already<br />
referred to as re-enacting the ordinance of 1787;</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The act of May 26, 1790, for the government of the territory of<br />
the United States south of the river Ohio, under which the State of Tennessee<br />
was organized;</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The act of <date day="7" month="4" w:st="on" year="1798">April<br />
7, 1798</date>, for the establishment of a government in the <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Mississippi</state></place> territory;</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The act of <date day="7" month="5" w:st="on" year="1800">May<br />
7, 1800</date>, establishing the <place w:st="on">Indian territory</place>;</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The act of <date day="26" month="3" w:st="on" year="1804">March<br />
26, 1804</date>, for the government of <state w:st="on">Louisiana</state>,<br />
which provided for a legislative council, to be appointed by the President of<br />
the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">United States</country-region></place>,<br />
and not for an elective legislature as did all the rest;</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Act of <date day="11" month="6" w:st="on" year="1805">June<br />
11, 1805</date>, for the government of <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Michigan</state></place> territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Act of <date day="2" month="3" w:st="on" year="1805">March 2, 1805</date>, for the establishment of the <placetype w:st="on">territory</placetype> of <placename w:st="on">Orleans</placename>,<br />
and the Act of <date day="3" month="2" w:st="on" year="1809">February 3,<br />
1809</date>, for the government of <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Illinois</state></place><br />
territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In no one of these ten acts<br />
was any restriction placed on the right of suffrage by reason of the color of<br />
the citizen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In none of these was the<br />
word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">white used to limit the right of<br />
suffrage.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[*]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is also true, that under the Articles of Confederation, and<br />
long subsequent to the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the free colored<br />
man was a voted, and that the framers of the Constitution intended by the word<br />
“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people,</i>” all classes and<br />
complexions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In proof of this, it is<br />
only necessary to refer to the Journals of the Convention which adopted the<br />
Articles of Confederation, which record the fact that, when the 4<sup>th</sup><br />
article was under consideration, which proposed that the “free inhabitants of<br />
each of these States shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free<br />
citizens in the several States,” the delegates from South Carolina moved to<br />
insert the word white, so as to make it read “free white inhabitants,” that<br />
only two of the eleven States represented voted to sustain the motion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">South<br />
Carolina</state></place>, thus signally defeated, tried another<br />
expedient to accomplish the same object, and again failed, thus placing upon an<br />
imperishable record the consistency of the Convention and its determination to<br />
make to invidious distinction between races or colors.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">THE ORIGINAL STATES MADE NO DISTINCTION</span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is an important historical fact, that at the time of the<br />
adoption of the Federal Constitution, there was but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">one</i> state, (<place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">South<br />
Carolina</state></place>,) whose Constitution distinguished in this<br />
respect against the colored man.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Constitution of Massachusetts provided that every male<br />
person, being 21 years of age, and possessing certain property qualifications,<br />
should have the right to vote.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Constitution of New York gave the right of suffrage to every<br />
male inhabitant of full age, with certain property qualifications.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">New Jersey</state></place>,<br />
the Constitution provided that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all</i><br />
inhabitants of the colony, who were of full age, and worth fifty pounds, were<br />
entitled to vote.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Constitution of Pennsylvania allowed that every freeman, of<br />
21 years of age, who had paid taxes, should enjoy the right of an elector.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[†]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Maryland</state></place>,<br />
the right to votes was extended to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all<br />
freemen</i> who possessed a certain amount of property.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><state w:st="on">Virginia</state> and <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Delaware</state></place> gave the right to all men who had a<br />
common interest with an attachment to the community.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[‡]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Constitution of North Carolina provided that all freemen who<br />
had paid taxes should be entitled to vote.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[§]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">Georgia</country-region></place><br />
made electors of all citizens and inhabitants who paid taxes.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The colonial charters of <state w:st="on">Rhode Island</state><br />
and <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Connecticut</state></place><br />
made no distinction on account of color or race.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Constitution of Tennessee provided that every freeman who<br />
possessed a freehold should be entitled to vote; and for nearly forty years the<br />
colored man of <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Tennessee</state></place><br />
exercised the elective franchise.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[**]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Legislature of Colorado, at its first session in 1861, passed<br />
a law, establishing the qualifications of voters, making no distinction of color<br />
or race.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thus I have presented undoubted historical evidence that the<br />
founders of our Republic, and of the individual States composing it,<br />
practically enforced their theory, (so eloquently expressed in the Texas<br />
Declaration of Rights, that “all political power is inherent in the people,”)<br />
by giving to the whole people, without distinction of color, equal political<br />
rights and privileges.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Under these Constitutions the free colored man continued to<br />
exercise the right of suffrage, until the slave system had acquired sufficient<br />
power to effect by its insidious diplomacy a radical change in the organic law<br />
of nearly every State, disenfranchising a large portion of the people, who were<br />
thus deprived of that political power, which had been the boast of our Fathers,<br />
and which was the chief corner stone of American liberty; but now that slavery<br />
has been blotted out by the blood of the Nation, it is but just and reasonable<br />
that the rights of the people should be restored to them.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[††]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">A REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT</span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Federal<br />
Constitution stipulates that “the <country-region w:st="on">United States</country-region><br />
shall guarantee to every State in this <place w:st="on">Union</place>,<br />
a republican form of government.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That it may<br />
be clearly understood what Congress considers a republican form of government,<br />
I respectfully beg leave to submit the following extracts from a series of<br />
resolutions, lately presented to the Senate of the <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">United States</place></country-region>, by Hon. Charles<br />
Sumner, which clearly indicates the line of our duty, and the course we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">must</i> pursue in order to be admitted to<br />
the Union.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The preamble<br />
and resolution read as follows:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Resolutions<br />
declaring the duty of the United States to guarantee republican governments in<br />
the rebel States on the basis of the Declaration of Independence, so that the<br />
new governments shall be founded on the consent of the government and the<br />
equality of all persons before the law.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">“Resolved, That it is the duty of the United States at<br />
the earliest practicable moment, consistent with the common defense and the<br />
general welfare, to re-establish by act of Congress republican governments, in<br />
those States where loyal governments have been vacated by the rebellion, and<br />
thus to the full extent of their power fulfill the requirement of the<br />
Constitution, that “the United States” shall guarantee to every State in this Union,<br />
a republican form of government.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“That in<br />
determining the extent of this duty, and in the absence of any precise<br />
definition of the term ‘republican form of government,’ we cannot err if when<br />
called to perform this guarantee under the Constitution, we adopt the<br />
self-evident truths of the Declaration of Independence as an authoritative rule<br />
and insist that in every re-established State, the consent of the governed<br />
shall be the only just foundation of government and that all persons shall be<br />
equal before the law.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“That<br />
independent of the Declaration of Independence, it is plain, that any duty<br />
imposed by the Constitution must be performed in conformity with justice and<br />
reason, and in the light of existing facts; that therefore, in the performance,<br />
of this guarantee, there can be no power under the Constitution to<br />
disenfranchise loyal people, or to recognize any such disenfranchisement.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“That the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">United States</country-region></place>,<br />
now called at a crisis of history to perform this guarantee, will fail in duty<br />
under the Constitution, should they allow the re-establishment of any State,<br />
without proper safeguards for the rights of all the citizens.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“That the<br />
path of justices is also the path of peace, and that for the sake of peace it<br />
is better to obey the Constitution, and, in conformity with its requirements,<br />
in the performance of the guarantee, to re-establish State governments on the<br />
consent of the governed and the equality of all persons before the law, to the<br />
end that the foundation thereof may be permanent, and that no loyal majorities<br />
may be again overthrown or ruled by any oligarchical class.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This amendment<br />
proposed by the majority Report, tried by this test, falls fatally short of its<br />
requirements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It not only disfranchises<br />
nearly one-half of the loyal citizens of this State, but makes this<br />
disfranchisement perpetual, heredity and insurmountable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It clings to each man and his posterity<br />
forever, if there be a traceable thread of African descent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No achievements of war or peace, no<br />
acquisition of property, no education, no mental power or culture, no merits<br />
can overcome it.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><state w:st="on">Texas</state> as an independent Republic and as a State of the <place w:st="on">Union</place> has tested the value of the constitutional<br />
provision now under consideration, and the result has been the perfect<br />
demonstration, that the system is essentially and practically oligarchical, in<br />
such a sense as actually and seriously to have endangered the public peace and<br />
the success of republican institutions.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Suppose now<br />
with the lights thus afforded us, we adopt the report of the majority and<br />
incorporate into our Constitution a provision disfranchising a large portion of<br />
the loyal citizens of the State, and with that instrument in our hands, ask to<br />
be admitted into the Union, could we have a reasonable hope of success?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Does any man believe that Congress would be<br />
so unmindful of its duty and its pledges, as to admit us with a Constitution so<br />
far behind the spirit of the age and the demands of the nation, in view of the<br />
changed condition of affairs, besides being so unjust and so entirely anti-republican?</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">SOUTHERN REPRESENTATION</span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">Another objection to the report of the majority is<br />
based upon the fact, that if we refuse to enfranchise the freedmen, we reduce<br />
our representation in the Congress of the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">United States</country-region></place> and thus materially<br />
weaken our political power.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The<br />
Congressional joint Committee on reconstruction have agreed to the following<br />
amendment of the Constitution of the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">United States</country-region></place>.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Article -. Representatives<br />
and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be<br />
included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, counting the<br />
whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed, provided,<br />
that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">whenever the elective franchise<br />
shall be denied or abridged in any State, on account of race or color, all<br />
persons of such race or color shall be excluded from the basis of<br />
representation</i>.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This<br />
amendment, or some Act equivalent to it, will undoubtedly pass and become a<br />
law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an amendment to the<br />
Constitution, its ratification by three-fourths of all the States in the <place w:st="on">Union</place> will be required and judging by the tone of the<br />
Northern press and by other indications of public sentiment North and West, its<br />
ratification will be certain.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The provision<br />
of this amendment would apply to all States, where suffrage is based on color,<br />
whether North or South, although practically the effect would be felt only in<br />
the late slave States.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If the<br />
colored men of the South are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all</i><br />
counted in, to measure the right of representation and are then all<br />
disfranchised, the whites in the late slave States will be represented in<br />
Congress by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">thirty-three</i> more members<br />
than an equal number of whites in the Northern States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This would be unjust because unequal, and<br />
will not be permitted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the contrary<br />
if we enfranchise our blacks and they are then included in this basis of<br />
representation, we shall go back into the <place w:st="on">Union</place><br />
with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">thirteen</i> more representatives,<br />
than we were entitled to before the abolition of slavery.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Again, if the Southern States should follow the example which Texas<br />
is about to present, and refuse to enfranchise the negro, and he is therefore<br />
excluded from the basis of representation, we shall return to the Union with an<br />
immense loss of political power in the House of Representatives, having at<br />
least twenty members less than we were entitled to before 1861.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[‡‡]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When Texas was a member of the Union, three-fifths of her slave<br />
population were represented in Congress, and it is now for us to determine by<br />
our own acts whether we will have our entire population included in the basis<br />
of representation, thus increasing the political power of the State, or<br />
diminishing it by allowing nearly one-half of our inhabitants to go<br />
unrepresented.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">THE CHANGE IN OUR CONDITION NOT RECOGNIZED</span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We are reminded by his Excellency Gov. Hamilton, in his late<br />
message that, “by the voice of the American people, assuming the form of<br />
constitution law, slavery has been abolished, and he suggest, that this<br />
radicals change should be fully recognized in the amended Constitution by<br />
providing for the new condition of the freedmen, by giving them civil and<br />
political rights on an equality with the white population of the State, and<br />
that the enjoyment of these privileges should not depend upon the accident of<br />
birth or color, and that should we fail to make these political privileges<br />
depend upon rules of universal application, we will be betrayed into the error<br />
of legislating under the influence of ancient prejudice, and that “any system<br />
of laws intended to deprive the colored race of the actual fruits of liberty,<br />
will meet with resistance from the Congress of the United States.”</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The report of the majority entirely ignores these words of wisdom<br />
and of patriotism. Instead of conforming to the new condition of affairs it<br />
presents for our acceptance a pro-slavery provision of the Constitution adopted<br />
in 1845, and retained in the amended Constitution of 1861.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The former Constitutions of Texas were framed so as to protect<br />
the institution of slavery, and therefore consistently deprived the colored man<br />
of the rights pertaining to citizenship; but now that slavery is abolished, our<br />
relations to the colored race are materially changed.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thos who were lately slaves, having “no rights which a white man was<br />
bound to respect,” are now freemen, entitled to all the rights and privileges<br />
of American citizens.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Under the slave system, these people enjoyed the protection of<br />
their masters, whose interest impelled them to surround their property by all<br />
necessary safe-guards; but now, this protection is withdrawn, and henceforth their<br />
grievances are to be redressed by the law, and their rights maintained by our<br />
Courts.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Born upon the soil, and attached to it by a variety of<br />
association and interests, they will, despite our desires or our efforts to the<br />
contrary, remain with us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the cloud<br />
of ignorance and oppression by which they have so long been overshadowed, is<br />
gradually dispelled by education and the change in public sentiment, they will<br />
enter into all the industrial and business pursuits of our people, and thus<br />
become a power in the State, whose presence and influence cannot be ignored.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Our own interest therefore imperatively demands, that we should<br />
deal justly by these people – that our laws should afford them ample protection<br />
– that we should extend to them the hand of kindness, encourage their efforts<br />
towards elevation, and do whatever may be necessary to make them good and<br />
useful citizens, lest they become a pest and a scourge to society.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To extend to the freedmen the right of suffrage would elevate<br />
them in their own estimation – give them increased importance in every<br />
community, and would extend over them a shield so broad that it would<br />
effectually protect them against wrongs and oppressions which they would<br />
otherwise be subjected.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The colored people of our State constitute and important part of<br />
the body politic; as citizens they will be called upon to sustain an equal<br />
share of the public burthens,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- in<br />
common with other members of the community, they will be taxed to support the<br />
government, and to pay their share of the debt incurred for their emancipation;<br />
as property holders, they will have a permanent interest in the welfare of the<br />
State, and if ever the necessity should arise, they will be required to shed<br />
their blood in defence of our common country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who then will say, that they should be deprived of the rights of<br />
citizenship?</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It has been suggested, that the mass of our colored people,<br />
because of their ignorance and want of education, are unfit to exercise the<br />
right of suffrage.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The same objection can, with equal force, be urged against a<br />
certain class of white men, but no one pretends in their case, that the<br />
objection is valid; and if we would avoid class legislation, we must make the<br />
same rule apply to both.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If this objection be good as applied to the present generation of<br />
blacks, it can not apply to the next, or to future generations, because the<br />
General Government through the agency of the Freedmen’s Bureau has already<br />
amply provided for their education, and when this bureau shall have been<br />
withdrawn our own school system will continue the work so auspicious commenced,<br />
and as we are legislating for generations to come, this objection is without<br />
force and unworthy of further consideration.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">WHITE MEN TO CONTROL NEGRO VOTES</span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We are also met the objection, that if we enfranchise the negro,<br />
white men, and especially his late master will control his vote.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>With this we have nothing to do; it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">our</i> duty and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">our</i> business<br />
to give him the right of suffrage, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">his</i><br />
to exercise it as he pleases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>White men<br />
are usually divided into political parties and if they have the control of<br />
colored voters, the colored vote will be divided, and if the whites vote all<br />
together, they will be no stronger if the colored men vote with them.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On large plantations, the relation of employers and employed may occasionally<br />
operate to give the planter some undue control over the laborers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So it was formerly but falsely said, that<br />
wealthy capitalists, who employed a large number of workmen, held them in<br />
political bondage, but no one ever suggested this as a reason why they should<br />
be disfranchised; but if the late slaveholders really believe they can control<br />
the votes of their emancipated claves, I appeal to them to sustain my views,<br />
that they may avail themselves of this new and important element of political<br />
power.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;">WAR OF RACES</span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is sometimes urged <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">with</i><br />
apparent solemnity, that if the negro is enfranchised, it would result in a war<br />
between the two races.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One of the old arguments against emancipation, was the<br />
anticipated terrible efforts were sure to follow the sudden liberation of the<br />
slave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The freedmen were certain to<br />
wreak their long pent up revenge, the moment they were released from bondage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This argument was used to prevent<br />
emancipation in the British West Indies, and Senator Davis, of <state w:st="on">Kentucky</state>, made free use of it in the United States Senate<br />
to intimidate Congress, when it was disposed to give liberty to the slaves of<br />
the <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">District of Columbia</state></place>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But notwithstanding this, freedom was not<br />
withheld in either case, and was received by the emancipated with thanksgiving<br />
and prayer, whose hearts were filled to overflowing with joy and gratitude, and<br />
not with revenge, so that the evil predictions were not fulfilled, no <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">war of races </i>ensuing.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As the year 1865 drew to a close, the whole Southern country was<br />
terrified by an apprehended war of races to be inaugurated during the coming<br />
holidays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the slave system, this<br />
had always been a season of alarm; dreadful forebodings took possession of<br />
almost every Southern heart; but the season usually passed of without any<br />
slaughter, save that which took place among the pigs and poultry in the barn<br />
yards of the neighboring planters; but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this</i><br />
time there would be no mistake – the negroes were free – they could go where<br />
they pleased and do as they pleased, and the bloody horrors of St. Domingo were<br />
certain to be re-enacted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The eventful<br />
days approached – Federal bayonets and Confederate home-guards were ready to<br />
repel the first attack of the black hordes who were now to begin the war of<br />
races.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The holidays come, and all was<br />
peace and quietness over the land, while hundreds of Southern fields, for the<br />
first time during this merry-making season, were blackened by sable laborers,<br />
who now, having a new motive for toil, were industriously preparing the soil for<br />
future harvests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This again were the<br />
cowardly and unmanly fears of the late slaveholding communities dispelled, and<br />
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">war of races</i> was still further<br />
postponed.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is now proposed to take one more step towards the elevation of<br />
the colored race by giving them the right of suffrage, and again are the hands<br />
of his late oppressors raised in holy horror at another prospect of a war of<br />
races, which must be inevitable, if this last mad act of fanaticism is<br />
consummated. True, previous anticipations failed, but only give the negro the<br />
right to vote, and war, with all is bloody horrors will sweep over the sunny<br />
South like a destroying angel, filling the land with mourning – crimsoning<br />
every cotton field and reddening every stream, while blazing towns and cities light<br />
up the horrid scene with terrific grandeur!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>False friends of the colored man, stay your hands!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let him <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">remain</i><br />
half a slave that his race may be preserved.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Reason and argument having failed, thus do the opposers of this<br />
last crowing act of emancipation feebly attempt to defeat the ends of justice<br />
by again seeking to operate upon the fears of the timid, by once more raising<br />
the absurd cry of a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">war of races!</i></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Unworthy of serious consideration as this objection really is,<br />
let us briefly examine it.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>All the bloody feuds between the white and black races of which<br />
history gives any account, were the result of injustice and oppression at the<br />
hands of the superior race.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>But who is now to begin this war of races?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Certainly not the white man, for he will find<br />
it his interest to be upon the best possible terms with the newly made<br />
voters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The leading men, and the hosts<br />
of political aspirants in every community, will suddenly find that these people<br />
are entitled to respectful consideration, for voters are not to be slighted,<br />
much less treated with indignity; and for this reason, they will every where<br />
receive that kindness and attention which their political importance demands;<br />
and at the polls their rights will be carefully protected by their white<br />
political friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is it not therefore<br />
clear that the white man will not begin this dreadful war of races?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And is it not equally certain that the black<br />
man will not begin it?</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Men are not apt to make war upon their friends or upon those who<br />
have conferred great and lasting benefits upon them; but the history of the<br />
human race is full of bloody illustrations to the contrary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wrongs and injustice many be submitted to for<br />
a time, but the hour of retribution is certain to come; therefore, if we would<br />
live in peace and harmony with the colored race, from which we cannot be<br />
separated, and whose destiny is so indissolubly interwoven with our own, we<br />
much do them no wrong, practice no injustice upon them, but being the superior<br />
race, protect them from all harm and bestow upon them every right and privilege,<br />
which their changed condition justly demands.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These people were called upon to defend with their lives, the<br />
integrity of the <place w:st="on">Union</place>, and thousands of them<br />
are still under arms ready to perish in defence of their native land and they<br />
are now everywhere clamoring for the right of suffrage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the last battle in <state w:st="on">Virginia</state><br />
had scarcely ceased, before they held conventions in <city w:st="on">Petersburg</city>,<br />
<city w:st="on">Richmond</city> and <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Alexandria</place></city>, declaring by resolutions their<br />
desire and their right to vote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their example<br />
was soon followed by the colored men of <state w:st="on">Tennessee</state>,<br />
<state w:st="on">Mississippi</state>, <state w:st="on">Alabama</state>,<br />
North and <state w:st="on">South Carolina</state> and <state w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Louisiana</place></state>, who in large conventions have<br />
demanded the same right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their petitions<br />
to Congress are of daily occurrence, while at the same time they are<br />
maintaining at the seat of government a large and talented delegation of black<br />
men, for the purpose of urging their claims upon Congress and the<br />
President.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since the discussion on this subject<br />
has commenced, Congress has, by an overwhelming majority pass a law giving<br />
unconditional suffrage to the colored people of the <state w:st="on"><place w:st="on">District of Columbia</place></state>.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This has the agitation of this question been commenced and<br />
carried forward with extraordinary vigor; those who demand this right are<br />
counted by millions, and let no man suppose that agitation will cease, or that<br />
its fervor or intensity will abate, until their claims are satisfied.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Let us then learn wisdom from the history of the past, and<br />
without compulsion from any quarter, cheerfully accord to our own freedmen, rights<br />
and privileges, long unjustly withheld, thus insuring our peace and prosperity,<br />
and their gratitude and friendship forever more.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In consideration of the importance of this subject, and the views<br />
hereby presented, I respectfully bed leave to offer the following resolution:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That so much of the report of the Committee, as related to the<br />
right of suffrage, be referred to a select committee, with instructions to<br />
report an amendment, to provide for the prospective admission of the freedmen<br />
to the right of suffrage.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span>E.<br />
DEGENER</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></div><br />
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<br />
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br />
<br />
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[*]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">Speech of Hon. Wm. D. Kelley in House of<br />
Representatives, <date day="10" month="6" w:st="on" year="1865">June 10,<br />
1865</date></span></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[†]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">Hon. Wm. D. Kelley of <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Pennsylvania</state></place>, in a speech made in the House<br />
of Representatives, <date day="16" month="1" w:st="on" year="1865">January<br />
16, 1865</date>, made this statement in reference to negro suffrage in his<br />
State:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I remember well to have seen negroes at the<br />
polls exercising the right of suffrage in Pennsylvania, where they enjoyed it<br />
from the foundation of the government to the year 1838, when the growing<br />
influence of the increasing slave power of the country, deprived colored men of<br />
this right by following the example of South Carolina and inserting the word<br />
“white” in the Constitution of the State.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again said Mr. Kelley: “When the<br />
Constitution was adopted the free colored men of New Jersey and of the States<br />
adjoining, and of all the States excepting South Carolina and probably Delaware<br />
and Virginia, in which suffrage was regulated by statute, and not by<br />
constitutional provision, were citizens and did vote on the question of its adoption.<br />
I challenge the production of any legal decision or historical work to<br />
contradict this assertion.”</span></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[‡]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">The father of Democracy, the illustrious <place w:st="on">Jefferson</place>, in a letter dated <date day="12" month="7" w:st="on" year="1816">July 12, 1816</date> in discussing a proposed<br />
amendment to the Constitution of Virginia, thus clearly set forth his views:<br />
<br />
“The true foundation of republican government is the equal right of every<br />
citizen in his person and property, and in their management.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Try by this as a tally every provision of our<br />
Constitution and see if it hangs directly on the will of the people. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let<br />
every man who fights or pays exercise his just and equal right in their<br />
election</i>.” – <place w:st="on"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jefferson</i></place><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">’s Works</i>, vol. 7, page 11.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And again, in a letter written <date day="19" month="4" w:st="on" year="1824">April 19, 1824</date>, he said:<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“However nature may, by mental or physical<br />
disqualifications, have marked infants and the weaker sex for the<br />
protection<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rather than the direction of<br />
government, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">yet among men who either pay<br />
or fight for their country, no line of right can be drawn</i>.” – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Works</i>, vol.7, page 345.</span></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[§]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">In regard to North Carolina, it may not by<br />
inappropriate to refer to its early law and usage, as state by one of its<br />
distinguished jurists, Judge Gaston, in an opinion pronounced in 1838, in the<br />
case of the State vs. Manual, which may be found in 4 Devereux, and Battle’s<br />
North Carolina Reports, page 25.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The very Congress which framed our<br />
Constitution (the State Constitution of 1776) was chosen by free holders. That<br />
Constitution extended the elective franchise to every freeman who had arrived<br />
at the age of twenty-one, and paid a public tax; and it is a matter of<br />
universal notoriety, that under it free person <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">without regard to color</i>, claimed and exercised the franchise until<br />
it was taken from free men of color, a few years since, by our amended<br />
Constitution.”</span></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[**]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">In reference to <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Tennessee</state></place>,<br />
it is an interesting fact that Cave Johnson, one of the distinguished men of<br />
our country, was elected to Congress by Negro votes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On mage 1305 of the Congressional Globe for<br />
the session of 1853-54, will be found the following statement of Hon. John<br />
Petit, of <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Indiana</state></place>,<br />
made in the United States Senate, <date day="25" month="5" w:st="on" year="1854">May 25, 1854</date>, while discussing the suffrage clause of the<br />
Kansas Nebraska bill:</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Many of the States have conferred this<br />
right [of suffrage] upon <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Indiana</state></place>,<br />
and many, both North and South, have conferred it upon free Negroes without<br />
property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Old Cave Johnson, of<br />
Tennessee, an honored and respectable gentleman, formerly Postmaster-General,<br />
and for a long time a member of the other House, told me with his own lips that<br />
the first time he was elected to Congress from Tennessee (in 1828) it was by<br />
the votes of free negroes; and he told me how.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Free Negroes in <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Tennessee</state></place><br />
were then allowed by the Constitution of the State to vote; and he was an iron<br />
manufacturer, and had a large number of free Negroes as well as slaves in his<br />
employ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I well recollect the number he<br />
stated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One hundred and eighty-four free<br />
negroes in his employ went to the ballot-box and elected him to Congress the<br />
first time he was elected.”</span></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[††]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">EMANCIPATION IN <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">RUSSIA</country-region></place> – When Alexander II, the<br />
present Emperor of Russia, by a proclamation set free twenty-three millions of<br />
serfs, he completed his work by supplementary provisions investing the freedmen<br />
with civil and political rights, including the right to testify in Court – the<br />
right of suffrage, and the right to hold office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This immortal proclamation, dated at <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">St. Petersburg</city></place>, <date day="19" month="2" w:st="on" year="1861">19 February 1861</date>, was<br />
promulgated amidst prayers and thanksgiving in all the Churches of the National<br />
Capitol, and at once sent to every part of the Empire by the hands of generals<br />
and staff officers of the Emperor himself.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of these “supplementary provision,” or<br />
laws regulating the emancipation of the serfs, secures to the freedmen <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">complete equality in the courts</i> with<br />
“the right of action, whether civilly or criminally, to commence process, and<br />
to answer personally or by attorney; to make complaint, and to defend their<br />
rights by all the means known to the law, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and<br />
to appear as witnesses and as bail, conformably to the common law</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other sections secure to the freedmen<br />
equality in political rights, by providing, that, “on the organization of the<br />
towns, they shall be entitled to take part in the meetings and elections for<br />
the towns and to vote on town affairs, and to exercise diverse functions; “<br />
that they shall also “take part in the assemblies for the district, and shall<br />
vote on district affairs, and choose the chairman,” and generally enjoy all<br />
right to choose their local officers and to be chosen in turn. – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Charles Sumner’s Speech, Worcester, <place w:st="on"><state w:st="on">Mass.</state></place></i></span></div><br />
</div><br />
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;"><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5516240789092537178#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[‡‡]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 8pt;">Hon. Thad. Stevens said in a recent speech in Congress<br />
on this subject. “If the Southern States exlude the colored population, they<br />
will lsoe at least <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">thirty-five</i><br />
Representatives in this hall. If they adopt it, (negro suffrage) they will have<br />
eighty-three votes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Take it away from<br />
them and they will have only from forty-five to forty-eight votes all told in<br />
the House of Representatives.”</span></div><br />
</div><br />
</div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-6295645633820555732009-05-30T12:00:00.002-05:002022-07-14T16:56:04.534-05:00Short Stops: What the People Are Saying<p align="left"> The following is from a series written by James P. Newcomb appearing on 30 and 31 December 1900 in the San Antonio Light. Newcomb spent most of his life as a newspaper man. </p>
<br /><p align="left"> He began his career at about age fourteen, when he was orphaned in San Antonio; his family having moved here from Nova Scotia, Canada. He was a staunch Unionist during the Civil War, a Republican during Reconstruction and after, postmaster here for a while, a farmer, and a founder of the Light.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> Although they appeared originally in December, because of the recent local elections, it was felt that they might be of interest as a look at antecedents to the current City Council.</p>
<br /><p align="center"><br /><strong><font face="arial" size="4">Short Stops</font></strong></p>
<br /><p align="center"><strong><font face="arial" size="4"> What the People Are Saying</font></strong></p>
<br /><p align="left"> During this season of peace on earth and good will, it may be churlish to criticize the many foolish and harmless acts performed by ordinarily sensible people. To those who have abundance much is given, well illustrated by the case of President McKinley and in a smaller way by our own local executive, Mayor Hicks.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> A “Mutual Aid” club, reputed to be composed of city employes, who draw their substance from the tax payers’ purse, presented through their president a portrait of the mayor to the mayor as a Christmas gift.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> In presenting this portrait our Republican street commissioner, Mr. Scott, gave utterance to the laudation that Mr. Hicks was the only mayor San Antonio ever had.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> This assertion, no doubt, applies very aptly to Street Commissioner Scott and the club he spoke for, but there has been a long line of city executives dating back to the year 1837, in whose memory it would be appropriate to say they were all, or nearly all, good citizens, worthy officials and honest men.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> John W. Smith, the first mayor, served from September 19th 1837 to March 9th 1838. He served a second term from January 8, 1840 to January 9, 1841; and a third term from April 18, 1842 to March 30, 1844. John W. Smith was an able, upright mayor, and conducted the city government well, especially considering the trying times of Mexican and Indian invasions. He was the grandfather of the Tobin boys. It cannot be said of him that he was not the mayor of San Antonio, notwithstanding the assertion of Street Commissioner Scott.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> William H. Dangerfield was mayor from January 8, 1839 to January 8, 1840. Mr. Dangerfield seems to have been a man well approved by his fellow citizens, although no portrait has been preserved of him. </p>
<br /><p align="left"> S. A. Maverick was mayor from January 8, 1839 to January 8, 1840. Mr. Maverick was a distinguished citizen, a man of wealth, culture, and refinement; and a patriot. He served in trying times. He had no mutual admiration club to tell him that he was the only only, but he cast his lot here and stood by the town to the end of his long, honorable career.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> Juan N. Seguin was mayor from August 17, 1841 to September 7 1841. Colonel Seguin was a distinguished Texan patriot, and a man of ability. His descendants are still among us.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> Edward Dwyer was mayor from March 30, 1844 to February 18, 1845. He served a second term from February 18, 1845 to January, 1846. Mr. Dwyer was not only a leading citizen in his day, but a man of marked character and there is no doubt that his fellow citizens appreciated his [word illegible] worth. His grandchildren and a numerous relationship are here today, and need feel no slight to his memory if they are told that our present may or mayor is the only mayor our city has ever had. </p>
<br /><p align="left"> Bryan Callaghan, the father of our distinguished ex-mayor Bryan Callaghan, was mayor from January 1, 1846 to January 1, 1847. I remember Mr. Callaghan well. He was a bluff, sturdy Irishman, a man of strong character and business ability; he was of the type of men who build up new countries--the pioneers of the world. There is no doubt of his being one of the mayors of San Antonio. </p>
<br /><p align="left"> Bryan Callaghan, Sr., was succeeded by Charles F. King, from January 27th 1847 to January 1, 1848. Mr. King served a second term from April 1848 to January 1849. He was a courtly, educated gentleman who had served in the Mexican War.</p>
<br /><p align="left"> We might here close the first chapter of mayors, as distinguished from their successors in office. All these men served the city as patriots with little or no remuneration. Politics such as we know of today, were unknown. Things gradually became different as the city began to grow, and greed for office and the ambition for place took the foreground.</p>
<br /><div></div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-31995493227906317362009-04-26T01:00:00.000-05:002022-07-14T16:55:51.626-05:00Fiesta and Pearl Brewery: 1968<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsLr4ZXLCbx64jJLdhPQdsNDEnPpFMM12EAlzEZhiREY2ZBAJsXHlmMQRMLmZcuM60RX2-hujOtcHgxtgGYDl7ZkbFs6Br-hLs5QL2hW8yuakEglWS3rEThyrA8tWNRbptD5HX9aUBfc0/s1600-h/1968+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326824040235429282" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsLr4ZXLCbx64jJLdhPQdsNDEnPpFMM12EAlzEZhiREY2ZBAJsXHlmMQRMLmZcuM60RX2-hujOtcHgxtgGYDl7ZkbFs6Br-hLs5QL2hW8yuakEglWS3rEThyrA8tWNRbptD5HX9aUBfc0/s400/1968+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div> </div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CTohX2EqPa5FgL2AWrb8Ng2Opt_ObLAPGeJrE_xWUrQqzfNxb8V6fnQth-OestQ7wgd54o9sMNt53AIHr6nfIVLn8BjdOO4okCuvZSRIzzLgMR-TvoUpyAUDR3Z6cq2pnjQtERQqziI/s1600-h/1968+Pearl+ad.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326824033187955266" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 302px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CTohX2EqPa5FgL2AWrb8Ng2Opt_ObLAPGeJrE_xWUrQqzfNxb8V6fnQth-OestQ7wgd54o9sMNt53AIHr6nfIVLn8BjdOO4okCuvZSRIzzLgMR-TvoUpyAUDR3Z6cq2pnjQtERQqziI/s400/1968+Pearl+ad.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div> </div><div> Fiesta 1968 program front and back covers.</div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-58565315330643942312009-04-25T01:00:00.000-05:002022-07-14T16:55:50.491-05:00Fiesta and Pearl Brewery: 1963<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHZxcWcZT48QthZG8WCPKjwYRE5RK6r2HLsy7dfllnlwLvuJBZYWJMBtlNpvsVvdKyNkJevAEl9VoSopg-ymN7AgYY5ys65N5jVh3sDK6ZdVN-WoJGQTyxdP5NOQt5mNscuNF_5nOI5FU/s1600-h/1963+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326823705954328354" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 303px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHZxcWcZT48QthZG8WCPKjwYRE5RK6r2HLsy7dfllnlwLvuJBZYWJMBtlNpvsVvdKyNkJevAEl9VoSopg-ymN7AgYY5ys65N5jVh3sDK6ZdVN-WoJGQTyxdP5NOQt5mNscuNF_5nOI5FU/s400/1963+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7mUnOgpVKWLt67dGlGteTW8eZPqzj-4QJC93yrxiTE45fZjCMQLlwfTmLmViMdm6hV0M3bZTw4Gcsl0Khlmn75xe4de6iJfw0y4CVY-TEZfleMOKMy-XG7rNYffo9iR0VDT5t7o7ibnU/s1600-h/1963+Pearl+ad.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326823702592831282" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 308px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7mUnOgpVKWLt67dGlGteTW8eZPqzj-4QJC93yrxiTE45fZjCMQLlwfTmLmViMdm6hV0M3bZTw4Gcsl0Khlmn75xe4de6iJfw0y4CVY-TEZfleMOKMy-XG7rNYffo9iR0VDT5t7o7ibnU/s400/1963+Pearl+ad.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-24828968629480184582009-04-24T01:00:00.000-05:002022-07-14T16:55:48.705-05:00Fiesta and Pearl Brewery: 1958<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFC5-2rLMLIlHH07qQOYpQ9EjBMn81_-vg2sP0HPWbX3BHb0B-u3TID_ddjPtE4tNE_tZBprNs1d617I0eqB0tT8Ah9VcOCK0-ZX5NKPONZ-WiLDhh5h37E7s2e7gy0wGIXwYaQt6BL1g/s1600-h/1958+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326822569187979794" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 293px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFC5-2rLMLIlHH07qQOYpQ9EjBMn81_-vg2sP0HPWbX3BHb0B-u3TID_ddjPtE4tNE_tZBprNs1d617I0eqB0tT8Ah9VcOCK0-ZX5NKPONZ-WiLDhh5h37E7s2e7gy0wGIXwYaQt6BL1g/s400/1958+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT3nulsMfPrGVxFUqnbuGneKfsPhR30II7S3LeMFteTmg0U3doezC0Zbpn-_gZdzfZdBlBnDSJhU5B82-vMyluGtmg-SJM1FG0hSrIfM1beRwNhwmj4qX12hkOAOvM7G4Ch-hfJYxzgyY/s1600-h/1958+Pearl+ad.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326822562877309634" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 292px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT3nulsMfPrGVxFUqnbuGneKfsPhR30II7S3LeMFteTmg0U3doezC0Zbpn-_gZdzfZdBlBnDSJhU5B82-vMyluGtmg-SJM1FG0hSrIfM1beRwNhwmj4qX12hkOAOvM7G4Ch-hfJYxzgyY/s400/1958+Pearl+ad.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><p>In honor for Fiesta week, here's another example of the close relationship between Fiesta and beer: the 1958 Fiesta program's front and back covers. </p><p>Drink responsibly this Fiesta Week!!</p>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-20301299477035129612009-04-23T01:00:00.000-05:002022-07-14T16:55:47.207-05:00Fiesta and Pearl Brewery: 1956<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip2ZDDlmbfnXXHW4ZJGeF4n-aH2pUxPS3D3E-SQwjnZh9PFx7xj4SrSm5zksEpANJ9wGXA-tsMQwnyggPhBm7gItkQ0xfhjaWtqEBRLL5g9Hm8LeeowZLE7ee2YcBGzFMRsoJFQKzcado/s1600-h/1956+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326822105668118338" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 296px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip2ZDDlmbfnXXHW4ZJGeF4n-aH2pUxPS3D3E-SQwjnZh9PFx7xj4SrSm5zksEpANJ9wGXA-tsMQwnyggPhBm7gItkQ0xfhjaWtqEBRLL5g9Hm8LeeowZLE7ee2YcBGzFMRsoJFQKzcado/s400/1956+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8nM1yRWz8g2znoq95ip8bZH-0Uw8inTv1S-QqcOsv75kIq0nq1LH2OMWhU9sJdQy-5LLYw4u4puTrH1bqxtp2_yRvbm2nmiXoIcEQ3dtwnMAEwh11d0L8ESCICzl_cxn18pi2nJe8SLM/s1600-h/1956+Pearl+ad.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326822102978044178" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 294px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8nM1yRWz8g2znoq95ip8bZH-0Uw8inTv1S-QqcOsv75kIq0nq1LH2OMWhU9sJdQy-5LLYw4u4puTrH1bqxtp2_yRvbm2nmiXoIcEQ3dtwnMAEwh11d0L8ESCICzl_cxn18pi2nJe8SLM/s400/1956+Pearl+ad.jpg" border="0" /></a> 1956 Fiesta program, front and back covers.</div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-16873075925681180732009-04-21T01:00:00.000-05:002022-07-14T16:55:44.708-05:00Fiesta and Pearl Brewery: 1954In honor of Fiesta week and the most popular Fiesta beverage, beer, we will feature a different bit of Fiesta & beer nostalgia everyday this week. It seems that throughout the 1950's, 60's and 70's Pearl Beer was the primary sponsor of the Fiesta programs, because each year's Fiesta program from that era features a big Pearl Beer back-cover ad.<br /><br />Enjoy these blasts from the past, and please enjoy Fiesta 2009 responsibly!!<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTjcXqh4nZJR-WS3BbWdRaxkn7Kqa2CNxtjkrEO7c_TGInvsJYdxx8BRLzRtlrjXlPuyTUpAyO5h-b8XeDXJENmdER-SXIApAi-GFbZYxJ2-rNJtXn3hDkptwnUHX9a2188iriBpOZgBQ/s1600-h/1954+fiesta+program.jpg"><br /><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326819548175534018" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 293px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTjcXqh4nZJR-WS3BbWdRaxkn7Kqa2CNxtjkrEO7c_TGInvsJYdxx8BRLzRtlrjXlPuyTUpAyO5h-b8XeDXJENmdER-SXIApAi-GFbZYxJ2-rNJtXn3hDkptwnUHX9a2188iriBpOZgBQ/s400/1954+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326819548448040194" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 292px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_EUkfHfOaCNEneKOq0F9F97E6cBW_-vhmI5E-lcE4ON98RAVR3OEwdo3VYI5Mj0sZjA5oxMgJA1jZCgDN3pAsOvkQjXIuUk3XP1C2vKpa5U8ubR1gQvGvWXbqap10Ad4eYt4EKj75bRQ/s400/1954+Pearl+ad.jpg" border="0" /><br /><div></div></div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-860742952587951572009-04-20T11:46:00.005-05:002022-07-14T16:55:42.264-05:00Fiesta Programs, Then and NowHere is just a sampling of the material in the Texana/Genealogy Dept.'s Fiesta archival collection. Take a glimpse at the evolution of the Fiesta program over the years and share your favorite memories from Fiesta.<br /><br /><br /><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326816974589636290" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 296px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigz538q_Z5ntxwoALTjjz7-J7Dm7FTCvUk21hY1LkRvoK8FMe_I1UnBMqi980DxIaLzjQXBpVWeuF1QmVop9cYKV45DW7dob8ur1TK26g0oU39Wrsg2ZkbOXaZqDZdMHWAXqzmRF7rYYM/s400/2008+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjePXOptd-OIWmDqLXBIkVd3wRcu-snUGzxpE2x9ap-HkDfnuDHpcY6FWKQKkdC-zlsnbFfREmz9sZ18HaecoUfDUWeSaY9ReiyccKhn8RbQMjqhRChImEAhstSSI_C90rCXoTti1F1iNc/s1600-h/1997+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326816968018982962" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 290px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjePXOptd-OIWmDqLXBIkVd3wRcu-snUGzxpE2x9ap-HkDfnuDHpcY6FWKQKkdC-zlsnbFfREmz9sZ18HaecoUfDUWeSaY9ReiyccKhn8RbQMjqhRChImEAhstSSI_C90rCXoTti1F1iNc/s400/1997+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfei3wTg0sa7ZPnzkx2Cve3tlgv30edNYTpR3oDUhjQEpESBHizqYGE4eA1nAbj15VN1fyF8hhDlHDtW036eXFcGIwFtS1H07pLCHSI14tJX5t909GwV6Wm1wRq_PW1tsee8ef0FaTXM4/s1600-h/1991+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326816965530751618" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 308px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfei3wTg0sa7ZPnzkx2Cve3tlgv30edNYTpR3oDUhjQEpESBHizqYGE4eA1nAbj15VN1fyF8hhDlHDtW036eXFcGIwFtS1H07pLCHSI14tJX5t909GwV6Wm1wRq_PW1tsee8ef0FaTXM4/s400/1991+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAkQGJfRd5TwmI1VtY8BGguojLT-I3T_RKPKgSYDmRb_WTArI2E9_wCg9HSvJyFtXkPC8sI4USFZfrDsx4pBQeqRRh3WUWSrom-yODU2B96IK_CtelU2Wf7fDjorSD8JlGU89piZnDIPM/s1600-h/1987+fiesta+program.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326816956859977826" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 302px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAkQGJfRd5TwmI1VtY8BGguojLT-I3T_RKPKgSYDmRb_WTArI2E9_wCg9HSvJyFtXkPC8sI4USFZfrDsx4pBQeqRRh3WUWSrom-yODU2B96IK_CtelU2Wf7fDjorSD8JlGU89piZnDIPM/s400/1987+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></a><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326816769349452082" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 302px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrEe2z10zds36jVnZ5E4Kw99bn2DrhPRvhQKErOXdiQg7Ml1RO31vTpSUe4Icy8zUHkSSUfHz7WAFx5T6yQLgvdq55aRAU2Kq5QYKODkRhv_zxoJs5KWUJdOP7Nhyphenhyphenjs9Mkeb-6NUl2kk/s400/1973+fiesta+program.jpg" border="0" /></div></div></div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-45932080502957409652009-04-13T10:47:00.008-05:002022-07-14T16:53:36.270-05:00Facebook beat us to the punchThe purpose of this blog is to collect stories and memories from San Antonio's past. The San Antonio Public Library's Texana/Genealogy Dept. has a wealth of local historical material, including oral histories and personal journals, but we want more! We want to hear what you remember about your San Antonio childhood or about your favorite trip to the Riverwalk if you're not a native.<br /><br /><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5324207539490570418" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 268px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaObpssKlW5fr0j_hoMEXdwHhNmAZ8kY9qbP7Ti2-eMUIjQ45051XXkEb5K5ZLcS5u1p7YFkll-PIVtTu29AFvhzexOO9PV_nxWl-vYvlTUgH0ywfEg2Az6lye-UG4CGHkqLu-zuG0YW8/s400/earl+ables.jpg" border="0" /><br />Well, it seems we are not alone in our desire to gather these anecdotes and stories. We just discovered a Facebook group devoted to the very same thing.<br /><strong>"Classic San Antonio:1950-1999"</strong> is an online group forum started and maintained by John C. Harrison and Pete Elias.<br />From their site:<br /><br /><blockquote><p>"Here is where people can share thoughts and memories of SA and the many facets<br />that make up this wonderful and diverse city. If the subject relates to SA,<br />feel free to share it here. Discussions may relate to a variety of subjects<br />such as Playland Park, HemisFair, Captain Gus, the Hertzberg Circus Museum,<br />Wonderland Mall, Joe "Godfather" Anthony, the BIG snow of '85 or the Spurs<br />first championship in '99. With that kind of history, it's nice to have a<br />home online where we can visit and reminisce. So, if you ever took a school<br />field trip to the Butter Krust bakery, celebrated a birthday at Kiddie Park<br />or been hardware shopping at Handy Dan then this is the group for you.Please<br />feel free to post as many SA-related photos and videos as possible here.<br />Personal photos are also welcomed. Let's try to make this group THE on-line<br />home for 20th Century SA history."</p></blockquote><br /><a href="http://www.facebook.com/posted.php?id=65016292019&start=20&hash=b530291b4c29ac188c5e50e13a75675d#/group.php?gid=65016292019">http://www.facebook.com/posted.php?id=65016292019&start=20&hash=b530291b4c29ac188c5e50e13a75675d#/group.php?gid=65016292019</a><br /><br />Follow the link above to scroll through the hundreds of old photos and videos group members have uploaded. If you grew up in San Antonio during the "Classic" era, you owe it to yourself to take this trip down memory lane. Albert Flores' Color the Weather and the old VIA bus ads were two blasts-from-the-past that tickled me today as I went through some of the videos.<br /><br />Enjoy! But don't forget to return here to share your newly-stirred memories with us!Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-62168894901422068222009-03-22T12:01:00.004-05:002022-07-14T16:56:26.268-05:00San Antonio Public Library: The Final Chapter of Censorship<div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnsdD4jblY7R2hzHWcwoEeSY7rEhZ5zKof4ReXIpxABPcStz3W5x-YDLYiQlsETndJKqr5llwP1GCuJrl9fAMXAABfgXmvZAt4mAIjsXQyxLahUHGf13wka3Pgo1gaaX6hOjLDSLNqSqA/s1600-h/librarian.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316058673404951890" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 232px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnsdD4jblY7R2hzHWcwoEeSY7rEhZ5zKof4ReXIpxABPcStz3W5x-YDLYiQlsETndJKqr5llwP1GCuJrl9fAMXAABfgXmvZAt4mAIjsXQyxLahUHGf13wka3Pgo1gaaX6hOjLDSLNqSqA/s400/librarian.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div>Soon the library board dropped its support of Channel 9 educational television. Librarian Julia Grothaus and the library had been one of the earliest and strongest supporters of Channel 9. The board ordered library staff to stop all purchases of educational films and records. Library meeting rooms were to be closed to public meetings. The library was only to furnish books, pamphlets, periodicals, and other printed matter for circulating or reference. Library employees were ordered to arrange displays and reports on anti-subversive committees, while limiting space for important literature. The board ordered a great number of extremist right-wing periodicals and books. Gerald Ashford noted, “Many of them echo the Nazi propaganda line that U. S. participation in World War II was the result of a Communist plot…” </div><br /><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi23whFfXR7x1w3ai26drn2RpK2XxutMw9RiiRd_Zyozd-B_Bi_Xfn9svmMedzPK5T4o5AITOqsGDx5D_FAnX3uRACqXBjftevwSbcvY6568jjmYEFXGQx52AfecXY24njSMoVHm8aX8M/s1600-h/pbs+cartoon.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316058757690709522" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 210px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi23whFfXR7x1w3ai26drn2RpK2XxutMw9RiiRd_Zyozd-B_Bi_Xfn9svmMedzPK5T4o5AITOqsGDx5D_FAnX3uRACqXBjftevwSbcvY6568jjmYEFXGQx52AfecXY24njSMoVHm8aX8M/s320/pbs+cartoon.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Again this was too much for the citizens of San Antonio. The San Antonio Ministers’ Association filed a complaint that the board was destroying progress and reneging on its responsibilities to the community. Maurry E. Boone, superintendent of then Northside Rural High School District, requested City Council prevent the “abolition of the visual aid department…” The Delta Kappa Gamma society wrote to the board not to curtail library services. The San Antonio Teachers’ Council and the Council of Parents and Teachers protested the library board’s actions. More and more individual citizens and local organizations filed protests with the library board and City Council.<br /><br />At the December 1954 library board voted to remove films and records from the library. All the while the board refused to allow people to speak at the meeting. It adopted a committee report by trustees Leo Brewer, Sam Fly, and L. A. Winship that defined the public library as basically a collection of printed matter. This report was based on legal decisions in New York, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Kentucky, and Fort Worth. The most recent case appears to have been the one in Fort Worth from 1938. Nothing was mentioned about “new” media of the 1950s and the role they played in libraries across the country. In opposition to City’s Lilly Master Plan of 1951 and Wight Library Survey of 1952 which called for expansion of the main public library building and creation of more branch libraries, the board recommended closing some branches and curtailing bookmobile service. The library’s book budget had remained at $60,000 for three years as San Antonio’s population skyrocketed and no additions were requested. </div><div><br /> </div><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316059059745775570" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 250px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoBbCeex0ewl1TMRZ0EjPONBshl3OUxMx5jMvcxeUJ2KQUlJbIek_Rw2lJ8lkRxEIa1J-TDSjTGBcJTsj4feZx3xxvhz_joG1c598j3hXpfAKQpglUCCgObFysA38SyqNCmdiQHfDF-54/s320/power+behind+throne+cartoon.jpg" border="0" /><br />In February 1954 library trustees Brewer and Tanner resigned. With the 1955 City Council election the “Good Government League” came into political control. A new library board was appointed and the two-year siege of intellectual freedom came to an end.</div></div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-21406007115864369392009-03-22T11:31:00.009-05:002022-07-14T16:56:17.390-05:00San Antonio Public Library: City Council vs. Library Board<img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316051227313204290" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 128px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhZ-HfftIGR-Id7DpSY1f0kVtBgmFq14Ku2ieuy-NY_JYFz_kMgNj0x5qDZeVIs_qBV-uAs6laP041nWbGZ0AVYkk7xh3nWbVCZfh0p9bG8VJE_L-sjvjFHQ73CzUPsGsmb2yGMKIyQw/s320/headline+no+burning.jpg" border="0" /><br /><div>In a closed meeting on 5 June the City Council replaced all but two of the fifteen members of the library board. By the middle of June the entire nation was watching San Antonio. The Washington Post published an editorial supporting the library and condemning those Americans who “have departed from the fundamental beliefs on which this country grew and prospered now has come from San Antonio…” Even President Eisenhower in an address at Dartmouth College on 14 June brought up the issue. </div><div><br /><em>“It isn’t enough to say ‘I love America’ and to salute the flag and to cheer as it goes by. Don’t be afraid to go to the library and read the books…That’s how we will defeat Communism-by knowing what it is. We’ve got to fight it by doing something better, and not just by hiding it.”</em><br /><br />On 11 February 1954 the new Library Board of Trustees sought to end the controversy by adopting the American Library Association’s <em>“Bill of Rights for Public Libraries.”</em> The vote was six to five.<br /></div><div></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNlJV0zdbJchzOGKU-JkdrXT9cxzEvh61L0jaLbW_9q_DGLczE4T-8y_jL57trXkicQ8UCAa7NFq4thmL7tRBIrCPT55eZeBi4NiM8GWT-oo4hwW6uSHmqiJ2JKzmXCoFXgh8NWYjq2oM/s1600-h/city+hall+cartoon.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316056674201377202" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 248px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNlJV0zdbJchzOGKU-JkdrXT9cxzEvh61L0jaLbW_9q_DGLczE4T-8y_jL57trXkicQ8UCAa7NFq4thmL7tRBIrCPT55eZeBi4NiM8GWT-oo4hwW6uSHmqiJ2JKzmXCoFXgh8NWYjq2oM/s320/city+hall+cartoon.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div>In May the City Council again ousted all but two library board members. By September the library board was split again. This time the issue was the titles of books to be purchased for the library. Tanner Freeman objected to the purchase of Iron Curtain over America as being anti-Semitic. Book committee chairwoman, Mrs. Roy Beitel, admitted that committee members had added 88 titles with strong right-wing slants to the proposed purchases recommended by library staff. Ramon Galindo asked, <em>“Are you speaking for thought control or freedom of information?”</em></div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfduWwhsRyoP4Zs6gv9rLmyTDSpL-10mq6AY3vxi4frW7IMpRVwlMTLE1W0hMNUnQzYIN7rLb8aqtyZNRG29h_Ei9zlxzQL0hp6AU_EPBunfH8lCw6OfIqJbck0nYRM44NEcR6GdyppgI/s1600-h/lib+board+headline.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316057052750736322" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 154px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfduWwhsRyoP4Zs6gv9rLmyTDSpL-10mq6AY3vxi4frW7IMpRVwlMTLE1W0hMNUnQzYIN7rLb8aqtyZNRG29h_Ei9zlxzQL0hp6AU_EPBunfH8lCw6OfIqJbck0nYRM44NEcR6GdyppgI/s320/lib+board+headline.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><div></div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5516240789092537178.post-74682974612520677222009-03-22T10:59:00.009-05:002022-07-14T16:56:32.166-05:00San Antonio Public Library Book Censorship<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8v4HrTXsL7lrpu8_XxPdFLQBKgNrP8Sv_BX4Wz5PwKOHpbg-W-ZGJCK3cQ5syZNm6KfHxKvbAyfppOsmnWONCjWL7oDlQ7dI2m6gQ_jPc9Qs14A2Kv7IM2u4nh9jU7vnLEMZf9qdsQYY/s1600-h/cartoon.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316048497427612450" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 286px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8v4HrTXsL7lrpu8_XxPdFLQBKgNrP8Sv_BX4Wz5PwKOHpbg-W-ZGJCK3cQ5syZNm6KfHxKvbAyfppOsmnWONCjWL7oDlQ7dI2m6gQ_jPc9Qs14A2Kv7IM2u4nh9jU7vnLEMZf9qdsQYY/s320/cartoon.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><div><div><div><div><br /><div><strong>The San Antonio Connection</strong><br /><br />The fireworks began at a pre-City Council meeting on Thursday, 14 May 1953. Mayor Jack White:<br /><em>“I would like to put a thought to the council that they should be looking into the matter of stamping books in the public library by known Communists.”</em><br /><br />Acting City Manager Wylie Johnson:<br /><em>“I think they should be burned instead of stamped.”<br /></em><br />City Librarian Julia Grothaus was called in to clarify the library’s position.<br /><em>“Of course the library has always had books on controversial subjects. … The library has never dictated to the people what they should have and what they should think. We do have material that will give people the information on both sides of the question. That’s the policy of my library serving the people.” <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFuO6aklY4xz1TJtN0pmf0rH2r2OE-FIMUo6wViI6pm0-8MuhWmhTA3xps03PjGbAc47FWg3yJl3ZyTUXPX6xJlREBvZrvqkcpzB08_Z7YRDLvLfZAIkZHcv3aaGO969Y6bdYFLITezrs/s1600-h/board+photo.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316048245710764722" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 257px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFuO6aklY4xz1TJtN0pmf0rH2r2OE-FIMUo6wViI6pm0-8MuhWmhTA3xps03PjGbAc47FWg3yJl3ZyTUXPX6xJlREBvZrvqkcpzB08_Z7YRDLvLfZAIkZHcv3aaGO969Y6bdYFLITezrs/s320/board+photo.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /></em><br />Later that same day library trustees met to discuss the proposals of White and Johnson. The unanimous decision announced by M. M. Harris, board president and a thirty-three year member of the board, as well as editor of the San Antonio Express, was that the library would not censor books. He said,<br />“<em>These are the very tactics which the Russians are using to fight us. … It is ironic that here in San Antonio, which prides itself on its freedom to think and act, that we shall run up against a sample of Communistic tactics.”</em><br /><br />Johnson immediately called for the removal of all fifteen board members.<br /></div><br /><div>The City Council held a closed meeting on Friday May 15th. The Council was divided on stamping or burning the offending books. Councilman Henry B. Gonzalez called the burning of books “Hitler tactics.” That same day County Commissioner A. J. Ploch vowed to cut county funding if the library board was ousted.<br /></div><br /><br /><div></div><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316045496340929922" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 238px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiltVE8A383H5j25-g6bZrUJw2HnecRbsxOY2FKO1GkJSRpL1TnTbligH9iC4ZZzn5MHC_DUpl7AvMu8VxpwJB5JqsT1ejCfHq2VdqhNaghsBPPqkTp6XO-XdZZjbw25NpklxDNq94uZ1I/s400/headline.jpg" border="0" /> </div></div></div></div></div>Texana Staffhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02844542874277559209noreply@blogger.com0